Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and the Future of Neurosurgical Care

Timothy Smith, MD, PhD, MPH, a neurosurgeon-scientist in the Brigham’s Department of Neurosurgery, is exploring how to utilize artificial intelligence and machine learning to optimize neurosurgical patient care. He is co-author of three papers that offer a glimpse into how these technologies are transforming the field.

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AI Model Detects Atrial Septal Defects From Electrocardiograms

Shinichi Goto, PhD, at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and colleagues have developed a deep learning–based model that detects subtle changes in standard 12-lead electrocardiography data to flag patients who should undergo echocardiography to evaluate possible atrial septal defect.

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Neuroimaging Abnormalities Across Substance Use Disorders Map to a Common Brain Network

Researchers have found that multiple substance use disorders (SUDs) map to their own common brain network, a finding that has therapeutic implications of its own.

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Gene Therapy Approach Shows Encouraging Survival Results in Some Patients With Glioblastoma

In a first-in-human, phase 1 trial, Brigham researchers sought to address challenges associated with treating glioblastoma multiforme by using an injected, engineered oncolytic virus that activated immune cells in the tumor. E. Antonio Chiocca, MD, PhD, senior author of the paper, recently presented the study findings.

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Long-term Symptom Severity, Quality of Life Comparable Across Uterine-sparing Procedures for Fibroids

Brigham researchers report long-term outcomes of COMPARE-UF, a study of women who underwent procedural treatment of uterine fibroids. They say symptom severity and quality of life were comparable with surgical and nonsurgical uterine-sparing procedures, but only hysterectomy patients showed sustained relief at year 3.

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Ketamine Is Noninferior to ECT for Nonpsychotic Treatment-resistant Major Depression

Amit Anand, MD, director of Psychiatry Translational Clinical Trials at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, conducted ELEKT-D, a pragmatic comparative-effectiveness trial of ketamine and ECT for nonpsychotic treatment-resistant major depression.

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The Brigham Keeps Women’s Cardiovascular Health in the Spotlight

The fact that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women is wildly underappreciated, says the Brigham’s JoAnn E. Manson, MD, MPH, DrPH. Dr. Manson has led many seminal research projects focused on women’s health and set the foundation for related advances at the Brigham today.

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First-in-Human Trial: Ingestible Pill Accurately Monitors Respiration and Cardiac Activity

Ingestible devices have been researched since the 1950s, and proof-of-concept trials support their ability to measure pH, temperature, and gastrointestinal motility. Giovanni Traverso, MB, BChir, PhD, and colleagues have developed a vitamin-sized pill that measures respiratory rate and heart rate.

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A Practical Guide to Implementing ACGME Geriatric Medicine Milestones 2.0

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has updated its Milestones tool for assessing geriatrics fellows. Shoshana Streiter, MD, and colleagues outlined a four-step process for geriatric fellowship programs to transition from the original Milestones to Milestones 2.0.

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Risk Factors Identified for Repeat COVID-19 in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

Jeffrey Sparks, MD, MMSc, and colleagues recently completed the first study of risk factors for repeat COVID-19 in an immunocompromised population. They report that use of rituximab, use of methotrexate, and younger age increased the risk of repeat COVID-19 among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

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